Mushroom Cultivation Solution

Temperature control method for growth characteristics of each shiitake mushroom variety

Shiitake mushrooms produce 90% of the world’s production in Korea, China, Japan, and consume 70% of that. Among numerous mushroom varieties, there are about 20 varieties that are mainly cultivated in Korea and distributed to farms.

The temperature range at which mushrooms occur in the aged medium is 5 to 25 ℃, and it is divided into low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature according to the temperature of occurrence. It grows and develops at 5~15℃ for low temperature, 10~20℃ for mesophilic, and 15~25℃ for high temperature. The occurrence of these fruiting bodies is determined by the supply of moisture to the mushroom house, the high temperature difference, and shock therapy to awaken the sleeping bacteria.

Based on Korea, which has four distinct seasons, it can be cultivated in the natural environment from April to June and September to November as spring and autumn, and July to August and December to March in winter in summer are difficult environments. In the past, most mushrooms were cultivated in the form of log cultivation in the natural state, but the scale of log cultivation is gradually decreasing due to the recent shortage of cultivable logs and an increase in log prices.

Moreover, log wood requires considerable strength and labor for movement and cultivation management due to the nature of the tree. As an alternative cultivation method, the bag cultivation method in which logs are put in a crushed bag in the form of sawdust and grown is rapidly being replaced. As this is mass-produced and supplied by factories with the development of automated facilities, growers purchase mushroom houses (medium) at low prices to produce mushrooms.

The medium material for shiitake mushroom cultivation is oak and acorn, but birch and alder, with thin bark, are mainly used. Do not use toxic or sticky varieties such as coniferous pine.

Shiitake mycelium is strong at low temperatures and weak at high temperatures, so it survives even at -20℃ in the mushroom house, but dies within 2 to 12 hours at 40℃. The humidity range for mycelia growth is 50-90%, and the optimum humidity is 60-70%. The moisture content suitable for mycelial growth is 60~65% of sawdust medium and 35~40% of logs. When the log moisture content is more than 50% or less than 23%, mycelia growth is almost stopped. The optimum pH is 4.5 to 6.0, and if it is less than 3.8 or more than 8.0, growth is poor.

Growth characteristics of oyster mushroom

Oyster mushroom is a mushroom that grows on the rotten stumps of the willow family (poplar, aspen), cherry and alder trees in the natural world. It is a popular edible mushroom. According to the cultivation method, it is divided into bottle or bag cultivation, fungal cultivation, and box cultivation, and the most common cultivation methods are bottle cultivation and bag cultivation.

Mushroom growth temperature is about 15 ~ 17 degrees, humidity is about 95 ~ 98% is suitable. After 2 to 4 days after scraping, new mycelium blooms from the inside of the bottle, and young mushrooms appear 2-3 days after that. After mushroom development, the temperature should be maintained at 13-15 degrees, and the humidity should be 90-95%.

The concentration of carbon dioxide is very important for the growth of mushrooms, so ventilation facilities are important. If the ventilation is too much, the quality of the mushrooms will deteriorate, and if the ventilation is too little, the mushrooms will die.

It is recommended to use around 2,000ppm for germination and to lower it to 1,000ppm or less as growth increases.

The type of light and brightness are important in the growth process of oyster mushrooms. In particular, the type of light needs white blue, etc., and the brightness is good enough to read a newspaper from 80 to 500 lux.